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Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

Laminar Flow

Laminar Flow

Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Suspension flow: do particles act as mixers?

A Boschan¹, M A Aguirre, G Gauthier

¹Grupo de Medios Porosos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. abosch@fi.uba.ar.

|March 27, 2015

Summary

Suspended particles in fluid flow can decrease solute dispersivity by migrating to the channel center, altering the velocity profile. Particle diffusive motion has a negligible impact on solute dispersion.

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Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

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Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Colloid science
Transport phenomena

Background:

Previous studies suggested particle motion increases solute dispersion.
Roht et al. observed decreased solute dispersivity with suspended particles in a parallel-plate channel.
This contradicts the expected effect of streamline distortion.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the cause of decreased solute dispersivity.
Quantify the influence of particle motion on solute dispersivity.
Analyze particle velocity distributions and correlations.

Main Methods:

Experimental study of particle velocity probability density function (pdf).
Spatio-temporal correlation analysis.
Investigation in a pressure-driven flow in a narrow parallel-plate channel.

Main Results:

Particle velocity pdf shifts from symmetric to asymmetric at critical flow velocity.
Particles migrate to the channel mid-plane, flattening the velocity profile.
Particle diffusive motion's contribution to dispersivity is negligible.

Conclusions:

Particle migration and velocity profile modification, not diffusive motion, cause decreased solute dispersivity.
Solute dispersion is primarily influenced by particle-induced flow alterations.
Findings challenge previous assumptions about particle dispersion effects.