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Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
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Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
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Current perspectives on rabies postexposure prophylaxis.

Agathe Blaise, Philippe Gautret1

  • 1Aix Marseille Universite, Unite de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes [URMITE], UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Faculte de Medecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France. philippe.gautret@club-internet.fr.

Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|March 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis faces challenges with rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) availability and treatment adherence. New vaccines and RIGs, including monoclonal antibodies, are being developed to improve outcomes for this deadly zoonotic disease.

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Author Spotlight: Rabies-Specific Antibody Isotypes Detection in Sera or Cerebral Spinal Fluid Using an IFA Test
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Rabies Necropsy Techniques in Large and Small Animals
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Rabies Necropsy Techniques in Large and Small Animals

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Rabies Necropsy Techniques in Large and Small Animals
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Rabies Necropsy Techniques in Large and Small Animals

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral encephalitis transmitted via animal bites.
  • It causes over 60,000 human deaths annually worldwide.
  • Current post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) involves wound care, antibiotics, and rabies biologics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) protocols.
  • To identify limitations in current PEP, including rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) accessibility and patient adherence.
  • To discuss emerging alternatives and future directions in rabies prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of World Health Organization (WHO) updated protocols for rabies PEP.
  • Analysis of challenges associated with rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) procurement and administration.
  • Exploration of ongoing research into novel rabies vaccines and RIGs.

Main Results:

  • Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is often costly and difficult to obtain in certain regions, leading to suboptimal treatment.
  • Adherence to multi-visit PEP protocols can be challenging for patients.
  • New RIGs, such as monoclonal antibody cocktails, show promise for future rabies prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Limitations in RIG availability and adherence necessitate the development of improved rabies prevention strategies.
  • Ongoing research into novel vaccines and RIGs offers hope for more accessible and effective rabies PEP.
  • Further studies are required to validate shortened vaccination protocols and new therapeutic approaches.