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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Clinical Manifestations:
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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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An uncommon pulmonary embolism.

Renaud Prevel1, Philippe Garcon2, François Philippart3

  • 1Department of Respiratory, Hospital, Pellegrin, France ; Université Bordeaux-II Segalen, Bordeaux, France.

International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science
|March 27, 2015
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A suicide attempt complicated by drug intoxication led to the discovery of pulmonary and cerebral embolisms. This rare event was caused by an entrapped thrombus in a patient

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Patent foramen ovalepulmonary embolismstrokethrombophilia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • A 49-year-old woman with a history of depression and Factor V Leiden mutation attempted suicide via drug overdose.
  • The patient presented with altered consciousness and respiratory decline.

Observation:

  • Computed tomography angiography revealed bilateral pulmonary embolism.
  • Cerebral CT indicated stroke with edema, suggesting a link between stroke and pulmonary embolism.

Findings:

  • A patent foramen ovale (PFO) with an entrapped thrombus was diagnosed via transesophageal echocardiography, explaining the embolic events.
  • The patient had a genetic predisposition to thrombosis.

Implications:

  • An entrapped thrombus in a PFO is a rare but serious condition with significant complications.
  • Detecting PFO is crucial for managing patients with both pulmonary and systemic embolisms.