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Granular activated algae for wastewater treatment.

O Tiron1, C Bumbac2, I V Patroescu2

  • 1National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania E-mail: costel.bumbac@incdecoind.ro; Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095, Sector 5, Bucharest, Romania.

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Activated algae granules effectively treat low-strength wastewater, removing chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, and phosphates. This sustainable method offers efficient microalgae harvesting, presenting a promising alternative for wastewater management.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Water Treatment Engineering

Background:

  • Low-strength wastewater treatment presents challenges for conventional methods.
  • Microalgae-based systems offer a sustainable approach to wastewater management.
  • Granular activated algae systems combine biological treatment with efficient biomass harvesting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of activated algae granules for low-strength wastewater treatment.
  • To assess the removal rates of key pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4+), and phosphates (PO43-).
  • To investigate the potential for microalgae harvesting and system sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential batch reactor operation with activated algae granules.
  • Controlled light intensity (235 μmol/m²/s) and aerobic conditions.
  • Monitoring of pollutant concentrations, removal rates, and microalgae settling velocity.

Main Results:

  • High removal efficiencies for COD (86-98%) and significant NH4+ removal (1.8 ± 0.6 mg/g h).
  • Successful nitrification processes observed, with NH4+ to NO3- transformation rates increasing to 1.5 ± 0.4 mg NH4+/g h.
  • Wide range of PO43- removal (11-85%) and efficient microalgae recovery (99.85-99.99%) with a settling velocity of 19 ± 3.6 m/h.

Conclusions:

  • Activated algae granules are a promising technology for efficient low-strength wastewater treatment.
  • The system demonstrates effective removal of COD, NH4+, and PO43-, alongside robust nitrification and potential for denitrification.
  • Cost-efficient microalgae harvesting is achievable, enhancing the overall sustainability of the process.