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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo
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[Diabetic macrovascular complications].

Sho-ichi Yamagishi

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |March 28, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accelerate diabetic complications. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) shows potential in mitigating AGE-RAGE axis-driven vascular damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Pathophysiology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed via non-enzymatic reactions, accumulating rapidly in diabetes.
    • The AGE-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) axis promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to diabetic vascular complications.
    • Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) possesses neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role of the AGE-RAGE axis in diabetic macroangiopathy.
    • To discuss the therapeutic potential of PEDF in managing AGE-RAGE-mediated vascular complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies investigating AGEs, RAGE, and PEDF.
    • Analysis of evidence from cell culture and animal models.

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    Main Results:

    • The AGE-RAGE interaction is a key pathway in diabetic macroangiopathy.
    • PEDF demonstrates multifaceted protective effects against AGE-induced damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeting the AGE-RAGE axis is crucial for treating diabetic vascular complications.
    • PEDF represents a promising therapeutic agent for AGE-RAGE-related pathologies in diabetes.