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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Medical ethics
  • Health policy

Background:

  • In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common assisted reproductive technology.
  • Debates exist regarding the optimal number of embryos to transfer during IVF to balance success rates with complication risks.
  • Current policies in some countries mandate single embryo transfer (SET).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the justification for mandatory single embryo transfer (SET) policies in IVF.
  • To assess arguments favoring SET, including maternal risks, risks to children, and societal costs.
  • To examine the ethical implications of SET policies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of arguments for mandatory SET.
  • Ethical evaluation of reproductive autonomy, non-paternalism, and potential harm to children.
  • Consideration of societal costs and consistency in health policy.

Main Results:

  • Reproductive autonomy and non-paternalistic principles are deemed sufficient to override maternal health concerns.
  • The concept of non-identity challenges the extent to which future children are harmed by IVF practices.
  • Societal benefits, such as those from twinning, may outweigh burdens, and including future health costs for unborn children is inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • Mandatory single embryo transfer (SET) policies are not ethically or practically justified.
  • Existing SET policies in several countries warrant reconsideration.
  • Reproductive policies should better balance patient autonomy with potential risks and societal impacts.