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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Attribution01:26

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In social interactions, individuals frequently seek to understand the motivations and causes behind others' behaviors. This fundamental aspect of social perception, known as attribution, plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal relationships and guiding future actions. Attribution refers to the cognitive process through which people infer the reasons behind others' behaviors, allowing them to assess character traits, intentions, and situational influences.Attribution Theory and Its...
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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

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A Bayesian framework for knowledge attribution: evidence from semantic integration.

Derek Powell1, Zachary Horne2, N Ángel Pinillos3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.

Cognition
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Bayesian framework to understand how people attribute knowledge in challenging "Gettier cases." Findings show people attribute knowledge differently based on the nature of the false assumptions made.

Keywords:
Bayesian reasoningFalse memoryImplicit memoryKnowledgeSemantic integration

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Epistemology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Gettier cases present scenarios where justified true belief does not equate to knowledge due to erroneous assumptions.
  • Understanding how individuals attribute knowledge in these complex situations is crucial for cognitive and philosophical theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test a Bayesian framework for knowledge attribution.
  • To generate and validate predictions about how people attribute knowledge in various Gettier case scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A Bayesian framework was developed to model knowledge attribution.
  • Experiments utilized a semantic integration paradigm to measure conceptual activation.
  • Participants' false recall of 'thought' as 'knew' served as an implicit measure.

Main Results:

  • Bayesian framework predictions were confirmed across three experiments.
  • Gettier cases involving counterfeit objects were not recognized as knowledge.
  • Cases with intentionally replaced evidence were attributed as knowledge.
  • Accidentally replaced evidence activated the knowledge concept more than false belief cases, challenging luck-based explanations.

Conclusions:

  • The Bayesian framework provides a robust explanation for knowledge attribution in Gettier cases.
  • Findings highlight the nuanced factors influencing knowledge attribution beyond mere luck.
  • This research establishes key phenomena in human knowledge attribution and offers a computational explanation.