Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

5.0K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
5.0K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.3K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.3K
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

49.0K
Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
49.0K
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

5.3K
Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...
5.3K
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

8.9K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
8.9K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

5.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic insights into ultrasonic vibration-induced avoidance behavior of fouling organisms on Ti alloy surfaces.

Ultrasonics·2026
Same author

Resource management as a conservation tool to impact genetic diversity through mating patterns in wild populations.

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America·2026
Same author

Marine antifouling oriented reconfigurable titanium alloy surfaces: Integrated functional-structural design based on fouling organisms adhesion mechanisms.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Obstacle of Surface-Deposited Microparticles to Bacterial Motility and Adhesion.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Genomics and genetic rescue.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Approach to Predicting Air Organic Pollutant-Human Protein Interactions.

Environmental science & technology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse
07:42

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse

Published on: November 17, 2009

84.5K

Human gephyrin is encompassed within giant functional noncoding yin-yang sequences.

Sharlee Climer1, Alan R Templeton2, Weixiong Zhang3

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

Nature Communications
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a unique yin-yang haplotype pattern in the gephyrin gene, suggesting rapid evolution and distinct functional roles. This finding sheds light on human-specific gephyrin regulation and evolutionary history.

More Related Videos

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
09:38

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 26, 2019

8.7K
Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans
12:57

Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans

Published on: January 8, 2015

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse
07:42

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse

Published on: November 17, 2009

84.5K
Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
09:38

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 26, 2019

8.7K
Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans
12:57

Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans

Published on: January 8, 2015

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gephyrin is a conserved gene crucial for inhibitory receptor organization and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis.
  • Dysregulation of gephyrin is implicated in various human diseases.
  • Understanding gephyrin's intricate regulation is vital for human health and evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary patterns of the gephyrin gene.
  • To identify and characterize novel haplotype structures within gephyrin.
  • To explore the functional implications of observed genetic variations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA sequences to identify haplotype patterns.
  • Comparative genomics to assess evolutionary divergence.
  • Evidence gathering to infer selection pressures on the gephyrin region.

Main Results:

  • A distinct yin-yang haplotype pattern was identified in the gephyrin gene.
  • This pattern involves 284 divergent nucleotide states, indicating rapid evolution from an ancestral haplotype.
  • Evidence suggests strong positive selection acting on this region, resulting in high-frequency haplotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The gephyrin yin-yang haplotypes likely represent two distinct functional mechanisms.
  • This discovery enhances understanding of human-specific gephyrin regulation.
  • The findings provide insights into rapid evolutionary events and human migration patterns.