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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
Published on: August 20, 2010
Arul Thangavel1, Bradley Sharpe2
1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA. arul.thangavel@ucsf.edu.
Illicit drug use is common in healthcare. Inappropriately recorded drug use history can negatively impact patient perception and agency within the healthcare system.
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