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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
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Saying no to drugs.

Arul Thangavel1, Bradley Sharpe2

  • 1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA. arul.thangavel@ucsf.edu.

Perspectives on Medical Education
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Illicit drug use is common in healthcare. Inappropriately recorded drug use history can negatively impact patient perception and agency within the healthcare system.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Patient Perception Studies
  • Healthcare Disparities

Background:

  • Illicit drug use presents frequent challenges for healthcare providers.
  • Patient drug use history is often documented in medical records and presentations.
  • Inaccurate recording of drug use history can have lasting negative consequences for patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of documenting illicit drug use history in patient records.
  • To highlight the potential for bias and long-term effects on patient perception.
  • To advocate for appropriate and sensitive recording of substance use information.

Main Methods:

  • Review of medical documentation practices regarding patient substance use.
  • Analysis of the implications of recorded drug use on patient-provider interactions.

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  • Exploration of patient agency within healthcare systems concerning documented history.
  • Main Results:

    • Inappropriate documentation of drug use history can lead to stigmatization.
    • Patient perception is significantly influenced by how their substance use is recorded.
    • Lack of patient agency is exacerbated by biased or inaccurate health information.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthcare providers must be mindful of the profound impact of documenting drug use history.
    • Training on sensitive and accurate recording of substance use is crucial.
    • Addressing documentation practices is essential for equitable patient care and empowerment.