Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

940
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
940
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

620
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
620
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

555
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
555
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

689
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
689

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The bookend effect.

i-Perception·2026
Same author

Me and my shadow: Elongated sunset shadows disrupt size constancy.

i-Perception·2026
Same author

Ambiguous apparent motion in exchanging disks.

i-Perception·2025
Same author

Perceptual grouping and the bounce-stream illusion.

i-Perception·2025
Same author

Illusory shrinkage of objects under backward masking.

i-Perception·2024
Same author

Pink illusions and white shifts.

i-Perception·2024
Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Gaze behavior during closed-captioned movie viewing adapts to absent audio through more frequent switching between text and scene.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

In pursuit of saccade awareness: Limited volitional control and minimal conscious access to catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Dissociable effects of element-lifetime and stimulus-duration on local and global motion processing: An equivalent noise study.

Journal of vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

High-Resolution Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Small Animals
11:09

High-Resolution Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Small Animals

Published on: December 16, 2022

4.5K

Why hearts flutter: Distorted dim motions.

Stuart Anstis1, Don Macleod1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

Journal of Vision
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The "fluttering hearts" illusion occurs because rods and cones in the eye respond differently to red and blue colors under dim light, creating a double image effect. This visual phenomenon is most pronounced at specific color luminance ratios.

Keywords:
color visioncone visionfluttering heartsmesopic visionrod visionvisual latency illusion

More Related Videos

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking
07:21

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking

Published on: February 12, 2011

14.9K
Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:13

Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: May 24, 2021

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

High-Resolution Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Small Animals
11:09

High-Resolution Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Small Animals

Published on: December 16, 2022

4.5K
Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking
07:21

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking

Published on: February 12, 2011

14.9K
Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:13

Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: May 24, 2021

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Color vision

Background:

  • The "fluttering hearts" effect describes a visual illusion where red spots on a blue background appear to wobble in dim light.
  • This phenomenon is linked to the differential responses of rods and cones to colors and light levels, including the Purkinje shift.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the underlying visual mechanisms responsible for the "fluttering hearts" effect.
  • To investigate the role of rod and cone latency and sensitivity in creating this illusion.
  • To identify conditions and luminance ratios that maximize the effect and explore related visual illusions.

Main Methods:

  • Observation and analysis of the "fluttering hearts" effect under controlled dim light conditions.
  • Examination of the physiological responses of rods (slow, blue-sensitive) and cones (fast, red-sensitive).
  • Investigation of visual stimuli involving oscillating red spots on a blue surround at varying luminance ratios.

Main Results:

  • The effect is caused by a double image: a light spot seen by cones followed by a dark spot seen by rods due to latency differences.
  • This interaction of opposite luminance polarity mimics the "reverse phi" motion, generating the perceived flutter.
  • Maximum flutter occurs near mesopic equiluminance, where red is lighter to cones but darker to rods than blue.

Conclusions:

  • The "fluttering hearts" effect is explained by the interplay between cone and rod visual pathways and their differing spectral sensitivities and response latencies.
  • The specific luminance ratios causing the "fluttering hearts" effect also produce novel illusions: the "ghostly twin" and reversed red/blue grating movement.