Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

3.6K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
3.6K
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

6.7K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
6.7K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

99
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
99
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

1.1K
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
1.1K
Gauss's Law in Dielectrics01:17

Gauss's Law in Dielectrics

5.5K
Consider a polar dielectric placed in an external field. In such a dielectric, opposite charges on adjacent dipoles neutralize each other, such that the net charge within the dielectric is zero. When a polar dielectric is inserted in between the capacitor plates, an electric field is generated due to the presence of net charges near the edge of the dielectric and the metal plates interface. Since the external electrical field merely aligns the dipoles, the dielectric as a whole is neutral. An...
5.5K
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

2.1K
When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity....
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Effects of Pa-pex 11 gene on penicillin production in Penicillium aurantiogriseum].

Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica·2010
Same author

Inhibition of lung fluid clearance and epithelial Na+ channels by chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and chloramines.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2010
Same author

Discovery and optimization of novel 3-piperazinylcoumarin antagonist of chemokine-like factor 1 with oral antiasthma activity in mice.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2010
Same author

Evidence for dimeric BACE-mediated APP processing.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2010
Same author

Involvement of mineralocorticoid receptor in high glucose-induced big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 activation and mesangial cell proliferation.

Journal of hypertension·2010
Same author

Nanosized anatase TiO2 single crystals for enhanced photocatalytic activity.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
10:40

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

8.8K

Losses in Ferroelectric Materials.

Gang Liu1, Shujun Zhang2, Wenhua Jiang2

  • 1Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China ; Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA ; Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China.

Materials Science & Engineering. R, Reports : a Review Journal
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Energy losses in ferroelectric materials, crucial for high-power devices, are systematically reviewed. This work clarifies mechanisms, quantifies contributions, and proposes a model to minimize degradation in electromechanical applications.

Keywords:
Energy dissipationdielectricenergy lossferroelectricspiezoelectricquality factor

More Related Videos

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

10.1K
Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
10:40

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

8.8K
Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

10.1K
Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Ferroelectric materials, including perovskites like barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate, are essential dielectrics and piezoelectrics for electromechanical devices.
  • Energy losses (elastic, piezoelectric, dielectric) in ferroelectrics critically impact the performance of high-power applications such as ultrasonic transducers and actuators.
  • Despite extensive research, confusions persist regarding the mechanisms and control of these energy losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of energy losses in ferroelectric materials, defining concepts and clarifying existing confusions.
  • To offer a systematic resource for scientists and engineers designing electromechanical devices.
  • To propose a general theoretical model for understanding the relationships among various energy loss types.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on energy loss mechanisms, characterization techniques, and published data for various ferroelectric materials.
  • Analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic energy loss mechanisms in multi-domain ferroelectric single crystals and ceramics.
  • Development of a general theoretical model correlating elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric, and mechanical losses.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic energy loss contributions based on composition, structure, temperature, domain configuration, and grain boundaries.
  • Quantification of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to total energy dissipation in ferroelectric materials.
  • Identification of polarization rotations, domain wall motions, and grain boundary scattering as key factors controlling mechanical quality factors in piezoelectric resonators.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of kinetic processes is critical for analyzing energy loss behavior and time-dependent properties in ferroelectrics.
  • The proposed theoretical model offers insights into the inherent relationships among different types of energy losses.
  • Addressing existing challenges and future perspectives in the study and control of ferroelectric energy losses are discussed.