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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Substrates for clinical applicability of stem cells.

Sanjar Enam1, Sha Jin1

  • 1Sanjar Enam, Sha Jin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York in Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine. This review covers substrates like peptides and hydrogels, emphasizing synthetic peptides for clinical applications.

Keywords:
Extracellular matrix proteinHuman pluripotent stem cellsHydrogelPeptidePolymerScaffoldSynthetic substrate

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess the potential to differentiate into diverse human cell types.
  • Advancements in regenerative medicine rely on effective methods for hPSC self-renewal, maintenance, and expansion.
  • Various substrates are being explored to support hPSC culture for clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing substrates for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture.
  • To evaluate the benefits and limitations of different substrate types.
  • To highlight the potential of commercially available synthetic peptides for clinical applications in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of extracellular matrix proteins, peptide-based substrates, polymer-based substrates, scaffolds, and hydrogels.
  • Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each substrate category.
  • Emphasis on synthetic peptides derived from extracellular matrix proteins.

Main Results:

  • Numerous substrate types, including extracellular matrix proteins, peptides, polymers, scaffolds, and hydrogels, have been developed for hPSC culture.
  • Each substrate type presents unique benefits and challenges regarding hPSC maintenance and differentiation.
  • Commercially available synthetic peptides offer a promising avenue for scalable and reproducible hPSC culture.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate selection is critical for successful hPSC expansion and differentiation in regenerative medicine.
  • Synthetic peptides represent a viable and advantageous option for advancing clinical applications of hPSCs.
  • Further research and development of optimized substrates are essential for realizing the full potential of hPSC-based therapies.