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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Niche interactions in epidermal stem cells.

Hye-Ryung Choi1, Sang-Young Byun1, Soon-Hyo Kwon1

  • 1Hye-Ryung Choi, Sang-Young Byun, Soon-Hyo Kwon, Kyoung-Chan Park, Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyounggi-do 463-707, South Korea.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The skin's extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for epidermal stem cell maintenance and fate. Understanding cell-ECM interactions, particularly with integrins and type IV collagens, is key for treating skin diseases and promoting wound healing.

Keywords:
Epidermal stem cellsIntegrinsMiR135bStem cell nicheType IV collagen

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and cell biology
  • Extracellular matrix research
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • The skin's epidermis and dermis rely on the extracellular matrix (ECM) for structural and biochemical support.
  • ECM composition varies between skin layers, influencing cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions.
  • Dysfunctional ECM signaling is implicated in skin aging, wound healing, and various skin diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the ECM in shaping the epidermal stem cell niche.
  • To highlight recent research on ECM components influencing stem cell fate.
  • To underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting cell-ECM interactions in dermatology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on skin ECM and epidermal stem cells.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cell-ECM interactions, including integrins and type IV collagens.
  • Synthesis of findings related to stem cell niche regulation and maintenance.

Main Results:

  • The ECM is a critical component of the epidermal stem cell niche, regulating stem cell fate.
  • Integrins and type IV collagens are likely key players in stem cell maintenance due to their abundance in the ECM.
  • Cell-ECM interactions significantly impact biological responses, aging, and wound healing in the skin.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting cell-ECM interactions offers promising therapeutic strategies for wound healing and skin disease treatment.
  • Further research into the specific roles of ECM components like integrins and type IV collagens is warranted.
  • Understanding the epidermal stem cell niche and its ECM interactions is vital for regenerative dermatology.