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Sarcolemma-bound calcium. Its importance for cell viability.

M Borgers, F Thoné, L Ver Donck

    Basic Research in Cardiology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel calcium (Ca2+) pool associated with the cell membrane (sarcolemma) was identified in rat heart cells. Loss of this membrane-bound Ca2+ precedes or accompanies cell damage during calcium overload, suggesting a role in maintaining cell integrity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Biology
    • Cellular Physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The sarcolemma, the cell membrane of myocytes, plays a critical role in regulating intracellular calcium.
    • Maintaining cellular calcium homeostasis is vital for myocardial function and viability.
    • Previous research suggested a role for membrane-bound calcium in cellular calcium control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and distribution of a sarcolemma-associated calcium pool in rat myocardium.
    • To determine the relationship between this calcium pool and cellular calcium overload under pathophysiological conditions.
    • To elucidate the potential role of sarcolemma-associated calcium in maintaining myocardial cell integrity.

    Main Methods:

    • Electron microscopy was used to visualize calcium deposits in intact rat myocardium and isolated ventricular myocytes.
    • Tissue fixation was performed in the presence of high inorganic phosphate to stabilize calcium complexes.
    • Pathophysiological conditions inducing intracellular calcium overload were experimentally applied to assess calcium distribution.

    Main Results:

    • A sarcolemma-associated calcium pool was identified, visualized as 20 nm particles, likely representing calcium-acidic phospholipid-phosphate complexes.
    • In conditions of cellular calcium overload, a loss of these sarcolemma-associated calcium deposits was observed.
    • This loss of membrane-associated calcium preceded or occurred concurrently with compromised myocardial cell viability.

    Conclusions:

    • The sarcolemma-associated calcium pool, potentially bound to acidic phospholipids, appears crucial for maintaining sarcolemmal integrity.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that membrane-bound calcium plays a significant role in regulating overall cellular calcium homeostasis.
    • This study provides cytological evidence for the functional importance of sarcolemma-associated calcium in the heart.

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