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Related Concept Videos

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways
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Protruding structures on caterpillars are controlled by ectopic Wnt1 expression.

Mina Edayoshi1, Junichi Yamaguchi1, Haruhiko Fujiwara1

  • 1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo Bioscience, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.

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|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Wnt1 signaling is crucial for forming spine-like protrusions in lepidopteran larvae. This study reveals Wnt1

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars) often exhibit spine-like or protruding structures.
  • These protrusions can serve as aposematic signals, warning predators of toxicity, as seen in Byasa alcinous.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving the formation of these larval protrusions remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of protrusion formation in lepidopteran larvae.
  • To identify key genes and pathways involved in generating these structures.
  • To understand the conserved role of these mechanisms across different Lepidoptera species.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on a spontaneous silkworm (Bombyx mori) mutant, 'Knobbed', exhibiting similar protrusions.
  • Utilize transgene expression and RNA interference (RNAi)-based knockdown techniques.
  • Analyze Wnt1 gene expression patterns in both mutant and wild-type larvae, including Byasa alcinous.

Main Results:

  • Wnt1 was identified as a critical factor in the development of knobbed structures.
  • Wnt1 expression specifically designates sites of excessive epidermal cell proliferation, leading to protrusion formation.
  • Wnt1 expression was observed in association with protrusions in Byasa alcinous larvae, suggesting a conserved role.

Conclusions:

  • Wnt1 plays a significant role in the formation of larval body protrusions in Lepidoptera.
  • The findings highlight the conserved function of Wnt1 in generating these structures across diverse species.
  • This research provides molecular insight into the development of aposematic structures in caterpillars.