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Competing kinetics and he bubble morphology in W.

Luis Sandoval1, Danny Perez1, Blas P Uberuaga2

  • 1Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

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Helium bubble growth in tungsten (W) depends on bubble growth rates. Slow growth allows surface-directed expansion, while fast growth causes isotropic expansion and increased surface damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Understanding helium bubble formation and growth in tungsten is critical for fusion energy applications.
  • Tungsten is a leading candidate for plasma-facing components in fusion reactors.
  • Helium accumulation can degrade material properties, impacting reactor longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of growth rates on helium bubble evolution in tungsten.
  • To differentiate between fast and slow helium bubble growth regimes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving bubble growth and associated surface damage.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model bubble growth.
  • Parallel replica dynamics were utilized to cover a wide range of growth rates (6 orders of magnitude).
  • Analysis focused on the diffusion of tungsten interstitials relative to bubble growth.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct growth regimes were identified: fast and slow, defined by tungsten interstitial diffusion times.
  • Slow growth rates promote biased bubble expansion towards the surface.
  • Fast growth rates result in isotropic expansion and enhanced surface damage due to limited interstitial diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The growth rate significantly dictates helium bubble morphology and surface interaction in tungsten.
  • Controlling helium bubble growth is essential for mitigating surface damage in fusion environments.
  • Simulation results provide insights into material degradation mechanisms under fusion reactor conditions.