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Radiological protection in North American naturally occurring radioactive material industries
1SENES Consultants (an ARCADIS Company), 121 Granton Drive, Suite 12, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, L4B 3N4 dchambers@senes.ca.
Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM) in North American industries pose potential radiation exposure risks. This review examines NORM sources, hazards, and regulatory frameworks, emphasizing proper project assessment.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Radiological Health
- Industrial Safety
Background:
- Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is present in all soils and rocks.
- Industrial processing can concentrate radionuclides, creating Technologically Enhanced NORM (TENORM).
- Examples include uranium ores, monazite, and phosphate rock, with potential for elevated radiation exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review NORM sources and exposure in North American industries.
- To assess potential radiological hazards to workers and the environment.
- To comment on regulatory frameworks and international guidelines for NORM/TENORM.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of NORM and TENORM in North American industrial contexts.
- Analysis of radiation exposure pathways for workers and the public.
- Examination of regulatory approaches in Canada and the USA.
Main Results:
- NORM and TENORM present significant radiological hazards in various North American industries.
- Public and NGO concerns have led to project cancellations and restricted use of by-products.
- Existing regulatory frameworks require careful consideration and integration of NORM management.
Conclusions:
- Effective management and assessment of NORM/TENORM are crucial for industrial projects.
- Addressing public concerns regarding radioactivity is vital for project acceptance and material utilization.
- International recommendations may influence future NORM regulations and industry practices.
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