Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 15, 2026
Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
Published on: November 23, 2019
Environmental factors that affect the Fukuda stepping test in normal participants
A Munnings1, B Chisnall1, S Oji1
1Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine,London,UK.
Background:
The Fukuda stepping test is commonly used to assess peripheral vestibular function. It has, however, been suggested that its maximal sensitivity and specificity are 70 per cent and 50 per cent, respectively. This study was undertaken to evaluate environmental factors that may influence the reliability of this assessment and hence to 'sharpen' its use in a clinical setting.
Methods:
Forty-four participants aged between 20 and 43 years were asked to perform the Fukuda stepping test in both a standard clinic room and a soundproofed room under the following conditions in a randomised order: on the floor versus on foam; with and without a sound-localising source; and with and without ear defenders.
Results:
Significant differences in the extent of rotation were found when comparing the results obtained in several settings, including standing on the floor in a standard room versus a soundproofed room (p = 0.036), and standing on foam in a standard room versus a soundproofed room (p = 0.015).
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that certain alterations to the test environment may improve the sensitivity of this clinical examination.
