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Arsenic speciation driving risk based corrective action.

Sidney J Marlborough1, Vincent L Wilson1

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.

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Summary

Arsenic toxicity varies by valence state. In soils, the less toxic arsenate often predominates, necessitating monitoring of this species for accurate environmental risk assessment and remediation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Soil Chemistry

Background:

  • Arsenic toxicity is valence-dependent, with trivalent arsenite (As3+) being more potent than pentavalent arsenate (As5+).
  • Current environmental risk assessments often conservatively use arsenite toxicity data.
  • Arsenate can predominate in certain environmental conditions, such as well-aerated soils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the predominant arsenic species in historically contaminated soils.
  • To assess the implications of arsenic speciation on ecological risk assessments and remediation strategies.
  • To determine the most appropriate arsenic species for monitoring soil remediation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of arsenic species concentrations (arsenite and arsenate) in soil samples from two contaminated sites in northeastern Texas.
  • Comparison of arsenic speciation data with established toxicity profiles of different valence states.
  • Evaluation of current risk assessment methodologies based on arsenic speciation.

Main Results:

  • Soil analyses revealed mean arsenate concentrations exceeding 90% of total arsenic at the studied sites.
  • The majority of the remaining arsenic was found as trivalent arsenite.
  • Ecological risk assessments based solely on arsenite may overestimate risk and lead to overly restrictive remediation.

Conclusions:

  • Pentavalent arsenate is the predominant arsenic species in the studied soils.
  • Monitoring arsenate concentrations is more appropriate for ecological risk assessment and remediation at sites with high arsenate to arsenite ratios.
  • Current remediation strategies may need adjustment to reflect the predominant arsenic species in soil environments.