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Dietary patterns and asthma prevalence, incidence and control
Summary
A diet rich in fish, fruits, and vegetables may protect against asthma. Conversely, a diet high in fat, sugar, and salt is linked to increased asthma prevalence and severity.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Asthma prevalence is rising in Western societies, potentially linked to environmental factors and lifestyle, including diet.
- Dietary patterns (DP) are increasingly recognized as modifiable factors influencing chronic disease development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between distinct dietary patterns and the prevalence, incidence, and control of asthma in a national population.
- To identify specific dietary habits that may either increase or decrease asthma risk and severity.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 32,644 adults in the 4th Portuguese National Health Survey.
- Identification of dietary patterns using latent trait models based on dietary intake.
- Logistic regression models were used to assess associations, adjusting for confounders like age, gender, BMI, and smoking status.
Main Results:
- A 'high fat, sugar, and salt' dietary pattern was positively associated with asthma prevalence (OR=1.13) and current severe asthma (OR=1.23).
- A 'fish, fruit, and vegetables' dietary pattern showed a negative association with current asthma (OR=0.84) and current medicated asthma (OR=0.84).
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns significantly influence asthma outcomes, with a 'fish, fruit, and vegetables' pattern offering potential protection.
- A 'high fat, sugar, and salt' pattern appears detrimental, increasing the risk of severe asthma.
- Findings support the rationale for diet and lifestyle interventions in asthma management.
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