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Related Concept Videos

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Related Experiment Video

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Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells
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Plasticity of empty major histocompatibility complex class I molecules determines peptide-selector function.

Andy van Hateren1, Alistair Bailey2, Jörn M Werner3

  • 1Institute for Life Sciences, Building 85, M55, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.

Molecular Immunology
|March 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) proteins present peptides to T cells. Polymorphisms in MHC I influence peptide binding and assembly, affecting immune response to pathogens and cancer.

Keywords:
MHC class IPeptide editingPeptide selectionProtein plasticityTapasin

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Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) proteins are crucial for immune surveillance, presenting peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
  • MHC I genes exhibit high polymorphism, primarily in the peptide-binding groove, influencing peptide specificity.
  • Polymorphisms can also affect MHC I dependency on the peptide-loading complex for efficient peptide binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between peptide-binding properties of different MHC I alleles and their conformational flexibility in the peptide-empty state.
  • To explore how sequence-encoded plasticity influences MHC I dependence on the peptide-loading complex.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of peptide-binding properties of two distinct MHC I alleles.
  • Assessment of conformational flexibility in the peptide-empty state.
  • Hypothesizing the role of protein sequence in determining functional properties.

Main Results:

  • Differences in peptide-binding properties between two MHC I alleles were observed to correlate with altered conformational flexibility when peptides were absent.
  • This suggests that MHC I plasticity is an intrinsic property encoded by the protein sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated movements of membrane-proximal and membrane-distal domains of MHC I likely dictate the dependency on the peptide-loading complex for efficient assembly with high-affinity peptides.
  • Understanding MHC I plasticity is key to comprehending immune response regulation and potential therapeutic targets.