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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Translational Regulation01:29

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
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RNA-RNA interactions in gene regulation: the coding and noncoding players.

Sonia Guil1, Manel Esteller2

  • 1Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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New RNA-RNA interactions reveal complex gene expression control. These networks, involving small, long coding, and noncoding RNAs, impact gene regulation through base pairing and target competition.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gene expression is intricately regulated by various molecular mechanisms.
  • RNA molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long coding (lc) RNAs, and noncoding (nc) RNAs, play crucial roles in gene regulation.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the significance of RNA-RNA interactions in these regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the growing understanding of RNA networks in gene expression.
  • To investigate the impact of RNA-RNA interactions on regulatory circuitries.
  • To highlight recent breakthroughs in the crosstalk between coding and noncoding RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on RNA-mediated gene regulation.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on RNA-RNA interactions and their mechanisms.
  • Examination of experimental evidence for crosstalk between different RNA types.

Main Results:

  • RNA-mediated regulatory circuits are increasingly complex and organized.
  • RNA-RNA interactions, via complementary base pairing, are key to gene expression control.
  • These interactions involve small RNAs (e.g., miRNAs), lcRNAs, and ncRNAs, exhibiting versatility in function.

Conclusions:

  • RNA networks significantly impact gene expression regulation.
  • The crosstalk between coding and noncoding RNAs is a critical area of study.
  • Understanding these RNA-RNA interactions is essential for deciphering hierarchical gene expression control systems.