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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Affordable Oxygen Microscopy-Assisted Biofabrication of Multicellular Spheroids
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Oxygen delivery from hyperbarically loaded microtanks extends cell viability in anoxic environments.

Colin A Cook1, Kathryn C Hahn1, Justin B F Morrissette-McAlmon1

  • 1Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Biomaterials
|March 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Novel polymeric microtanks deliver oxygen to tissue engineered grafts, preventing cell death and graft failure. This approach enhances cell survival and morphology under anoxic conditions, supporting vascularization.

Keywords:
MicrocapsuleOxygen deliveryOxygen permeationPolycaprolactone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Oxygen diffusion limitations in tissue engineered (TE) grafts cause hypoxia, cell death, and failure.
  • Existing oxygen delivery methods for TE scaffolds have significant drawbacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel oxygen delivery system for TE scaffolds.
  • To assess the efficacy of polymeric hollow-core microspheres ('microtanks') for sustained oxygen release.
  • To evaluate the impact of microtanks on cell viability and morphology in TE constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Polymeric hollow-core microspheres ('microtanks') were hyperbarically loaded with oxygen.
  • Microtanks were incorporated into polycaprolactone scaffolds for orthopedic applications.
  • Oxygen delivery kinetics were mathematically modeled and empirically validated.
  • Cell viability and morphology of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed under anoxic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Microtank-loaded constructs provided oxygen delivery for up to 6 days.
  • Sustained oxygen release prolonged the survival of hASCs and HUVECs.
  • Enhanced cellular morphology was observed in cells cultured under anoxic conditions within microtank constructs.

Conclusions:

  • The microtank approach offers a feasible solution for maintaining cell viability in TE scaffolds.
  • This method addresses critical oxygen supply challenges during the vascularization phase in vivo.
  • Microtanks represent a promising advancement for improving the success of tissue engineered grafts.