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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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Supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis.

Vincent Desfontaine1, Davy Guillarme1, Eric Francotte2

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|March 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has advanced significantly, overcoming previous limitations in sensitivity and reliability. This enhanced technique offers analytical scientists a powerful tool, especially for pharmaceutical analysis.

Keywords:
BiofluidsChiral separationsImpurity profilingSFC–MSUHPSFC

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatographic Techniques

Background:

  • Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has experienced a resurgence due to new instrumentation and columns.
  • Previous limitations in UV sensitivity, reliability, and quantitative performance have been largely addressed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in "advanced SFC" instrumentation and experimental conditions.
  • To critically discuss the applicability of SFC in pharmaceutical analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of modern SFC instrumentation and columns.
  • Analysis of experimental parameters including stationary phase, mobile phase, pressure, and temperature.
  • Review of SFC applications in pharmaceutical contexts.

Main Results:

  • Advanced SFC instruments have overcome historical limitations.
  • SFC offers kinetic advantages and complements liquid chromatography (LC).
  • Packed-column SFC is a valuable addition to analytical strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced SFC is a viable and powerful technique for analytical scientists.
  • SFC shows particular promise for pharmaceutical analysis, including drug determination in formulations and biofluids.