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Published on: June 28, 2024
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Maternal occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and major structural birth defects
Hyeyeun Lim1, A J Agopian, Lawrence W Whitehead
1University of Texas School of Public Health, UTHealth, Houston, Texas.
Summary
Maternal occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) was linked to increased risks for four birth defects, including hydrocephaly and anencephaly. This study highlights potential risks, though findings require cautious interpretation due to exposure measurement limitations.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Reproductive Health
- Pediatric Health
Background:
- Ionizing radiation (IR) is a known carcinogen and mutagen.
- Limited data exists on the association between maternal occupational IR exposure and birth defects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between maternal occupations with potential IR exposure and the risk of 39 specific birth defects.
Main Methods:
- A study of 38,009 mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2009).
- Assessed odds ratios (ORs) for associations between maternal occupations and birth defects.
Main Results:
- Significant ORs observed for isolated hydrocephaly, anotia/microtia, colonic atresia, and omphalocele.
- A protective OR was noted for isolated anencephaly.
- Maternal occupational exposure to fluoroscopy showed a nonsignificant increased risk for birth defects in aggregate.
Conclusions:
- Maternal occupations with potential IR exposure were associated with increased risk for 4 birth defects and a protected risk for 1.
- Results are preliminary due to qualitative exposure assessment and potential confounding factors.
- Findings provide a basis for future research on IR exposure and birth defect risks.
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