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Related Concept Videos

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Human Virome

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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Viruses and the Microbiota.

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This summary is machine-generated.

The human body's microbiota, or microbial communities, can both inhibit and promote viral infections through direct and indirect effects. Further research into these virus-microbiota interactions is crucial for understanding their impact.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The human body hosts a vast microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms.
  • The precise influence of this microbiota on viral infections remains largely undefined.
  • Emerging research highlights significant interactions between host microbiota and viral pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known effects of microbiota on mammalian virus infections.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these virus-microbiota interactions.
  • To propose future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on microbiota and viral infections.
  • Analysis of direct and indirect mechanisms of microbiota influence.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on virus-microbiota interactions.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota demonstrate a dual role, inhibiting some viral infections while promoting others.
  • Mechanisms involve direct and indirect effects on both the host and the virus.
  • These interactions are complex and virus-specific.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiota significantly impact a wide range of mammalian viruses.
  • Understanding virus-microbiota interactions is essential for virology and host health.
  • This field offers fertile ground for future scientific investigation.