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Related Concept Videos

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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T-lymphocyte phenotype and function triggered by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is serotype-dependent.

J Díaz-Zúñiga1,2, S Melgar-Rodríguez1,2, C Alvarez1

  • 1Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.

Journal of Periodontal Research
|April 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b strains, particularly their lipopolysaccharide (LPS), more potently activate T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cells. This highlights serotype b

Keywords:
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansT lymphocytescytokineslipopolysaccharideserotypestranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) exhibits diverse serotypes based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigenicity.
  • Serotype b strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans show enhanced capacity to stimulate cytokine production in dendritic cells (DCs).
  • DCs play a crucial role in regulating T-lymphocyte lineage development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate T-lymphocyte responses upon stimulation with autologous DCs primed by prevalent human A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes (a-c).
  • To compare the immunogenic potential of different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and their LPS.

Main Methods:

  • Human DCs were primed with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a-c or their purified LPS.
  • Primed DCs were used to stimulate autologous naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
  • Quantification of T-helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory transcription factors and cytokines using RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • All A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes induced T-lymphocyte activation.
  • Stimulation with serotype b-primed DCs or serotype b LPS resulted in significantly higher levels of Th1- and Th17-associated transcription factors and cytokines.
  • These findings were observed compared to other serotypes tested.

Conclusions:

  • Serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans demonstrates a superior ability to induce Th1 and Th17 cell phenotypes and functions.
  • The LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b acts as a more potent immunogen compared to LPS from other serotypes.
  • This differential immunogenicity has implications for understanding host-pathogen interactions in A. actinomycetemcomitans infections.