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Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

15.3K
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
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Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

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Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

12.0K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
12.0K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

5.2K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
5.2K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

4.2K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
4.2K
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

14.4K
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
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Benchtop Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography, Reconstitution and Assay of a Polyhistidine Tagged Metalloenzyme for the Undergraduate Laboratory
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The ambidextrous cyclooxygenase: an enduring target.

Mayank Bapna1, Lalit Singh Chauhan

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The discovery of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes revolutionized pain treatment. Research now shows targeting COX, including COX-3, offers potential for treating diseases beyond pain, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cyclooxygenase (COX) discovery significantly advanced pain management.
  • Development of drugs targeting COX has led to successful pain treatments with fewer side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the expanded therapeutic potential of targeting COX enzymes.
  • To investigate the role of COX isoforms, including COX-3, in various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of COX research.
  • Analysis of studies on COX inhibition in disease models.

Main Results:

  • COX inhibition is effective for pain relief.
  • Emerging evidence suggests COX targeting is beneficial for cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and glaucoma.
  • Identification of COX-3 opens new avenues for disease treatment.

Conclusions:

  • COX enzymes represent a versatile therapeutic target.
  • Further research into COX and its isoforms, like COX-3, is crucial for developing novel treatments for a range of debilitating diseases.