Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

2.4K
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
2.4K
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

6.9K
The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
6.9K
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

2.0K
The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
2.0K
Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

2.8K
The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
2.8K
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

71.6K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
71.6K
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

5.7K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modeling human embryo adhesion using a microfluidic platform.

Science advances·2026
Same author

American College of Chest Physicians algorithm for lung resective surgery: Real-life validation.

Pulmonology·2026
Same author

Autologous cell therapy with CD133+ bone marrow-derived stem cells for Asherman Syndrome: a phase 1/2 trial.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Intravenous Lidocaine Modulates the Perioperative Hepatic Inflammatory Response: Implications for Personalized Medicine in Thoracic Surgery.

Journal of personalized medicine·2025
Same author

Capturing aberrant cell behaviors producing defects in human embryos via live imaging.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Lidocaine Attenuates miRNA Dysregulation and Kinase Signaling Activation in a Porcine Model of Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

2.5K

Understanding and improving endometrial receptivity.

Jose A Miravet-Valenciano1, Alejandro Rincon-Bertolin, Felipe Vilella

  • 1aIgenomix, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna bFundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valencia University, Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain cDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA *Dr Jose A. Miravet-Valenciano and Dr Alejandro Rincon-Bertolin are considered co-first authors and contributed equally to this work. †Dr Felipe Vilella and Dr Carlos Simon are considered co-last authors and contributed equally to this work.

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|April 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The endometrial receptivity array (ERA) diagnoses uterine receptivity for embryo implantation, improving pregnancy success. This personalized approach helps identify the optimal window for embryo transfer in patients with recurrent implantation failure.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Reproductive Hysteroscopy Approach for Complete Endometrial Polyp Removal and Enhanced Endometrial Receptivity
03:01

Author Spotlight: A Reproductive Hysteroscopy Approach for Complete Endometrial Polyp Removal and Enhanced Endometrial Receptivity

Published on: August 2, 2024

2.5K
Generation of a Mouse Artificial Decidualization Model with Ovariectomy for Endometrial Decidualization Research
06:38

Generation of a Mouse Artificial Decidualization Model with Ovariectomy for Endometrial Decidualization Research

Published on: July 27, 2022

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

2.5K
Author Spotlight: A Reproductive Hysteroscopy Approach for Complete Endometrial Polyp Removal and Enhanced Endometrial Receptivity
03:01

Author Spotlight: A Reproductive Hysteroscopy Approach for Complete Endometrial Polyp Removal and Enhanced Endometrial Receptivity

Published on: August 2, 2024

2.5K
Generation of a Mouse Artificial Decidualization Model with Ovariectomy for Endometrial Decidualization Research
06:38

Generation of a Mouse Artificial Decidualization Model with Ovariectomy for Endometrial Decidualization Research

Published on: July 27, 2022

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and medicine
  • Genomics and personalized medicine

Background:

  • Successful pregnancy requires synchronized embryonic development and endometrial receptivity.
  • The endometrium's receptivity is a transient, hormone-dependent phase crucial for blastocyst implantation.
  • Endometrial receptivity is critical for initiating pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of endometrial receptivity and its importance in human reproduction.
  • To introduce the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) as a diagnostic tool.
  • To discuss future directions in understanding and diagnosing endometrial receptivity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the endometrial receptivity array (ERA), a diagnostic tool based on 238 gene expressions.
  • Utilizing a computational predictor to diagnose endometrial receptivity.
  • Clinical validation of the ERA test in patients experiencing implantation failure.

Main Results:

  • The ERA test accurately diagnoses endometrial receptivity, independent of histological appearance.
  • Clinical application of the ERA test demonstrated diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency in patients with implantation failure.
  • Personalized embryo transfer timing based on ERA results improved outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The ERA test aids in personalizing embryo transfer timing to increase implantation rates.
  • Future research should leverage high-throughput techniques like RNA-seq and GWAS for deeper insights.
  • Identifying noninvasive biomarkers for endometrial receptivity is a key future goal to enhance pregnancy outcomes.