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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
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A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

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A Major Human White Matter Pathway Between Dorsal and Ventral Visual Cortex.

Hiromasa Takemura1, Ariel Rokem1, Jonathan Winawer2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|April 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF) is a key white matter pathway connecting dorsal and ventral visual cortex in humans. This pathway is crucial for transmitting visual information between areas processing object properties and spatial information.

Keywords:
diffusion-weighted MRIfiber tractographyvertical occipital fasciculusvisual cortexwhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Brain Imaging
  • Visual System Anatomy

Background:

  • The human visual cortex contains numerous visual field maps organized into dorsal and ventral clusters.
  • Understanding the connectivity between these distinct visual processing regions is essential for comprehending visual perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the major white matter pathway connecting dorsal and ventral visual cortex.
  • To investigate the role of this pathway in information exchange between different visual maps.

Main Methods:

  • Combined functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI.
  • Employed fiber tractography to trace white matter pathways.
  • Utilized a model-based approach to statistically assess the VOF wiring pattern.

Main Results:

  • Identified the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF) as a major white matter pathway.
  • Found strong evidence that the VOF connects dorsal (V3A/B) and ventral (hV4/VO-1) visual maps.
  • Demonstrated substantial information exchange between these dorsal and ventral maps via the VOF.

Conclusions:

  • The VOF is critical for communication between dorsal and ventral visual cortex in humans.
  • This pathway facilitates the transmission of signals related to object properties (form, identity, color) and spatial information.