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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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Physiological roles of miR-155.

Ryuichi Mashima1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Immunology
|April 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is an oncogenic non-coding RNA implicated in lymphoma development. Its dysregulation affects immune function and is linked to various cancers, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is a conserved non-coding RNA in humans, mice, and chickens.
  • Initially identified as the B-cell integration cluster (bic) oncogene, miR-155 induces B-cell lymphoma in transgenic mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of miR-155 in oncogenesis and immune function.
  • To identify key substrates and clinical implications of miR-155 dysregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence conservation analysis across species.
  • Transgenic mouse models for oncogenicity studies.
  • Biochemical assays to identify miR-155 substrates.

Main Results:

  • miR-155 is confirmed as an oncogene, promoting lymphoma in B cells.
Keywords:
SH2-domain containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1inflammationmicroRNAsignal transductiontyrosine kinase

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  • SH2-domain containing inositol-5'-phosphatase 1 identified as a key substrate in B cells and macrophages.
  • miR-155 deficiency impairs immune system function.
  • Elevated miR-155 expression is observed in malignancies like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

    • Conclusions:

    • miR-155 plays a critical role in lymphomagenesis and immune regulation.
    • Its oncogenic potential and association with human cancers highlight its significance in oncology.