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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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The glenoid component in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.

Daphne Pinkas, Brett Wiater, J Michael Wiater

    The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    |April 2, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Managing the glenoid in shoulder replacement is complex. This review covers various glenoid component options and alternatives for younger patients to reduce loosening and improve outcomes in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Arthroplasty Research

    Background:

    • Glenoid component loosening is a significant concern in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
    • Implantation of glenoid prostheses is often avoided in young, active patients due to loosening risks.
    • Diverse prosthetic designs and implantation techniques aim to mitigate glenoid loosening.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current glenoid component options for anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
    • To discuss alternatives for young, active patients facing glenoid replacement.
    • To emphasize the importance of understanding glenoid anatomy and implantation principles for optimal outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent clinical and biomechanical studies on glenoid implant options.
    • Analysis of various glenoid component designs (e.g., metal-backed, all-polyethylene, bone ingrowth, ongrowth, inset, augmented).
    • Examination of alternative surgical options for young, active patients (hemiarthroplasty, resurfacing, tissue interposition).

    Main Results:

    • A wide array of glenoid component designs are available, each with potential benefits and drawbacks.
    • Specific alternatives exist for younger patients to address concerns about prosthetic longevity.
    • Successful outcomes depend on a comprehensive understanding of glenoid pathology and surgical techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The ideal management of the glenoid in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty is still evolving.
    • Knowledge of glenoid anatomy, pathology, implant choices, and implantation principles is crucial for optimizing patient results.
    • Careful consideration of implant design and patient-specific factors is necessary for successful glenoid management.