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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with hormone replacement therapy
1Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.
Insights
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) offers cardiovascular benefits for postmenopausal women, despite past concerns. This review clarifies HRT
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Women's Health
Background:
- Menopause significantly impacts women's quality of life, increasing risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- Estrogen's role in delaying CVD onset in women is established, historically studied via hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
- Past HRT use was limited by safety concerns and unclear cardiovascular benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the cardiovascular advantages of HRT in postmenopausal women.
- To discuss the risks and benefits associated with HRT, focusing on cardiovascular health.
- To clarify the disparity in previous HRT study outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of observational studies and large clinical trials on HRT and cardiovascular outcomes.
- Analysis of the effects of estrogen on cardiovascular disease in women.
- Evaluation of the relative and absolute risks of HRT side-effects.
Main Results:
- Accumulated evidence clarifies the reasons for conflicting results in past HRT research.
- HRT demonstrates beneficial effects on cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women.
- Understanding the risks and benefits is crucial for informed HRT decisions.
Conclusions:
- HRT offers significant cardiovascular benefits for postmenopausal women.
- Clarified risks and benefits support informed therapeutic decisions regarding HRT.
- Addressing menopausal symptoms and preventable diseases improves women's quality of life.
Abstract:
Many peri- and postmenopausal women suffer from a reduced quality of life due to menopausal symptoms and preventable diseases. The importance of cardiovascular disease in women must be emphasized, as it is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in women. It is well known that female hormones contribute to the later onset of cardiovascular disease in women. The effect of estrogens has for decades been understood from observational studies of postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Later, treatment with HRT was disregarded due to the fear of side-effects and an ambiguity of the cardiovascular advantages. Accumulating knowledge from the large number of trials and studies has elucidated the cause for the disparity in results. In this paper, the beneficial effects of HRT, with emphasis on cardiovascular disease are explained, and the relative and absolute risks of side-effects are discussed.
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