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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wave Phenomena

    Background:

    • Annular vortices, characterized by topological charge (q), are crucial in optical manipulation and information processing.
    • Phase diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are commonly used to generate optical vortices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the optimal phase diffractive optical element (DOE) for generating annular vortices with maximum peak intensity.
    • To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed DOE for annular vortex generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of phase modulation for generating annular vortices.
    • Identification of Bessel beam phase modulation as the optimal configuration for maximum peak intensity.

    Main Results:

    • A direct relationship was established between the topological charge (q) of an annular vortex and the phase modulation of a qth order Bessel beam.
    • The phase modulation of a propagation-invariant qth order Bessel beam was identified as the optimal configuration for generating annular vortices with maximum peak intensity.

    Conclusions:

    • Phase diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with Bessel beam phase modulation are highly effective for generating high-intensity annular vortices.
    • These elements offer additional advantages for precise control and application of annular vortices in optical systems.