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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

2.2K
There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

2.3K
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Radiocarbon dioxide detection based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy and a quantum cascade laser.

G Genoud, M Vainio, H Phillips

    Optics Letters
    |April 2, 2015
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    Summary
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    This study demonstrates a new method for monitoring radiocarbon (C14) in carbon dioxide using laser spectroscopy. The highly sensitive and compact instrument is ideal for on-site detection of radioactive emissions and leaks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Nuclear Engineering

    Background:

    • Radiocarbon (C14) monitoring is crucial for nuclear safety and environmental surveillance.
    • Existing methods for C14 detection can be complex and require laboratory analysis.
    • A need exists for sensitive, on-site monitoring of C14 in gaseous emissions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel method for monitoring radiocarbon (C14) in carbon dioxide (CO2).
    • To develop a sensitive, compact, and robust instrument for on-site C14 measurements.
    • To assess the instrument's suitability for nuclear power environments and radioactive waste repositories.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized mid-infrared spectroscopy with a quantum cascade laser.
    • Employed cavity ring-down spectroscopy for high-sensitivity measurements.
    • Tested the instrument with standardized samples containing elevated C14 levels.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high sensitivity, detecting C14/C isotopic ratios as low as 50 parts-per-trillion.
    • Demonstrated detection limits of 5 kBq/m³ in pure CO2 or 2 Bq/m³ in air (after CO2 extraction).
    • The developed instrument is simple, compact, and robust for field applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The laser-based spectroscopy system offers a highly sensitive and practical solution for C14 monitoring.
    • The instrument is well-suited for real-time surveillance of radioactive gaseous emissions from nuclear facilities.
    • Its sensitivity also makes it effective for detecting leaks in radioactive waste repositories.