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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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Rogue waves in a normal-dispersion fiber laser.

Zhanwei Liu, Shumin Zhang, F W Wise

    Optics Letters
    |April 2, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers observed rogue wave formation in a fiber laser. Spectral filter choice impacts noise-pulse energy distribution, leading to extreme pulse energies not explained by current models.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Laser Technology

    Background:

    • Rogue waves, or extreme waves, are a significant phenomenon in wave physics.
    • Normal-dispersion fiber lasers are crucial for various optical applications.
    • Understanding rogue wave formation in lasers is key to controlling laser output.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate rogue wave formation in a normal-dispersion ytterbium fiber laser.
    • To determine the influence of spectral filtering on rogue wave characteristics.
    • To compare experimental findings with existing theoretical models.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a normal-dispersion ytterbium fiber laser setup.
    • Employed spectral filtering, specifically an interference filter, within the laser cavity.

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  • Analyzed the distribution of noise-pulse energies.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed non-Gaussian distributions of noise-pulse energies.
    • Recorded pulse energies up to approximately 50 nJ, corresponding to 6 times the significant wave height.
    • Demonstrated that spectral filter choice significantly affects pulse energy distribution.

    Conclusions:

    • The experimental results provide novel evidence of rogue wave formation in this laser system.
    • The observed phenomena, particularly the extreme pulse energies, are not adequately explained by current theoretical models.
    • Spectral filtering is identified as a critical factor influencing rogue wave characteristics in normal-dispersion fiber lasers.