Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

47.7K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
47.7K
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

3.5K
The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
3.5K
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

33.0K
The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
33.0K
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

7.5K
The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
7.5K
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

5.1K
Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
5.1K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

15.9K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
15.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative Study of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Data from Metastatic Bone Marrow Neuroblastoma Samples.

Cells·2026
Same author

Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex contributes to NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic cell death.

iScience·2026
Same author

Reducing Body Myopathy in Female Patients With <i>FHL1</i> Variants Showing Rapid and Severe Evolution Mimicking Inflammatory Myopathy: A Case Series.

Neurology. Genetics·2026
Same author

Characterization of Usher Syndrome Type 2-Associated Proteins in the Retina via Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP·2026
Same author

Tendon Dysfunction in Collagen VI-Related Myopathies: Novel Mechanistic Insights with Therapeutic Potential.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

NFATc1 and NFATc2 regulate glucocorticoid resistance in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through modulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and the WNT/β-catenin pathway.

Haematologica·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence
09:36

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

Published on: November 6, 2018

9.6K

The notochord: structure and functions.

Diana Corallo1, Valeria Trapani, Paolo Bonaldo

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padua, Italy.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|April 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The notochord, a crucial embryonic structure, provides mechanical and signaling cues essential for vertebrate development. Its disruption can lead to congenital defects, highlighting its role in human diseases.

More Related Videos

Dissection and Culture of Chick Statoacoustic Ganglion and Spinal Cord Explants in Collagen Gels for Neurite Outgrowth Assays
11:08

Dissection and Culture of Chick Statoacoustic Ganglion and Spinal Cord Explants in Collagen Gels for Neurite Outgrowth Assays

Published on: December 20, 2011

12.6K
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence
09:36

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

Published on: November 6, 2018

9.6K
Dissection and Culture of Chick Statoacoustic Ganglion and Spinal Cord Explants in Collagen Gels for Neurite Outgrowth Assays
11:08

Dissection and Culture of Chick Statoacoustic Ganglion and Spinal Cord Explants in Collagen Gels for Neurite Outgrowth Assays

Published on: December 20, 2011

12.6K
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Chordate Embryology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • The notochord is a fundamental embryonic midline structure in Chordata.
  • It provides mechanical support and signaling cues vital for embryonic development.
  • In vertebrates, it originates from the dorsal organizer and establishes the primitive axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and functions of the notochord in vertebrate development.
  • To emphasize the role of Hedgehog signaling in notochord-mediated patterning.
  • To discuss genetic studies linking notochord defects to human congenital diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of notochord development and function.
  • Analysis of genetic studies on notochord malformations.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on Hedgehog pathway involvement.

Main Results:

  • The notochord is evolutionarily conserved, essential for axis formation and locomotion.
  • Hedgehog proteins secreted by the notochord regulate organogenesis and tissue patterning.
  • Impaired notochord development is associated with various congenital defects.

Conclusions:

  • The notochord is indispensable for vertebrate embryonic development.
  • Understanding notochord function and signaling is key to deciphering congenital diseases.
  • Further research on the notochord and Hedgehog pathway can inform therapeutic strategies.