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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Assessment of Glutamine as a Fuel Source for Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Chronic Ethanol Using an Extracellular Flux Bioanalyzer

Assessment of Glutamine as a Fuel Source for Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Chronic Ethanol Using an Extracellular Flux Bioanalyzer

Published on: November 15, 2024

Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles.

Yuri L Dorokhov¹, Anastasia V Shindyapina¹, Ekaterina V Sheshukova¹

¹A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.

Physiological Reviews

|April 3, 2015

Summary

Methanol and formaldehyde are naturally present in the body from various sources. Their levels are regulated by clearance mechanisms, but disruptions may link to neurological disorders.

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Published on: January 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Toxicology
Human Physiology

Background:

Methanol was historically viewed solely as a toxin.
Endogenous sources and physiological roles of methanol and formaldehyde were understudied.
Gut bacteria and S-adenosyl methionine contribute to endogenous methanol production.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the endogenous origins and physiological significance of methanol and formaldehyde.
To explore the role of these compounds in health and neurological disorders.
To understand the genetic and biochemical regulation of methanol and formaldehyde levels.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on methanol and formaldehyde metabolism.
Analysis of data on methanol and formaldehyde levels in healthy individuals and patients.
Examination of genetic and metabolic pathways involved in clearance mechanisms.

Main Results:

Methanol and formaldehyde are endogenous compounds found in healthy individuals.
Exogenous sources include fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages.
Ethanol consumption, even without methanol, increases blood methanol levels, suggesting an endogenous source.
Elevated formaldehyde levels are observed in neurological patients and the elderly.

Conclusions:

Methanol and formaldehyde have physiological roles and endogenous sources.
Genetic and biochemical mechanisms are crucial for maintaining low physiological levels.
Dysregulation of methanol and formaldehyde metabolism may be implicated in neurological disease pathogenesis.