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Related Concept Videos

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Image correlation spectroscopy: principles and applications.

Paul W Wiseman

    Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
    |April 3, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) analyzes cell imaging data to reveal molecular transport and organization. This technique provides insights into biomolecular behavior using standard fluorescence microscopy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology
    • Microscopy Techniques

    Background:

    • Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) analyzes molecular dynamics in cells.
    • Image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) extends FCS principles to imaging.
    • Standard fluorescence microscopy generates image series suitable for ICS analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce various forms of spatial and temporal image correlation spectroscopy (ICS).
    • To discuss the application of ICS methods for analyzing biomolecular properties.
    • To highlight the utility of ICS in studying molecular transport and oligomerization.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing standard fluorescence microscopy image series as input.
    • Applying spatial and temporal image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) algorithms.
    • Analyzing image time series data from cells and neurons.

    Main Results:

    • ICS extracts parameters on molecular transport properties, including diffusion and flow.
    • ICS can determine the oligomerization state of fluorescently labeled species.
    • The methods reveal properties of biomolecules from standard fluorescence image time series.

    Conclusions:

    • Image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) is a powerful imaging analog of FCS.
    • ICS enables the study of molecular dynamics and organization in cellular environments.
    • Standard fluorescence microscopy data can yield rich information on biomolecular behavior using ICS.