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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Mitral Annular Dynamics in Mitral Annular Calcification: A Three-Dimensional Imaging Study.

Gregg S Pressman¹, Rajesh Movva¹, Yan Topilsky²

¹Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography

|April 4, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) alters mitral annulus dynamics, causing reduced contraction and folding. Three-dimensional echocardiography reveals these changes, impacting valvular function.

Keywords:

Mitral annular calcification Mitral annular dynamics Three-dimensional echocardiography

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Imaging
Echocardiography

Background:

Mitral annulus undergoes complex changes during the cardiac cycle.
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is common but its dynamic effects are understudied.
Three-dimensional echocardiography allows quantification of these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe alterations in mitral annular dimensions and dynamics in patients with MAC.
To utilize quantitative three-dimensional echocardiography to assess MAC's impact.
To explore the structural and dynamic consequences of MAC.

Main Methods:

Transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography in 43 MAC patients and 36 controls.
Quantification of mitral annular dimensions at six cardiac cycle time points.
Comparison of annular dimensions and dynamics between MAC patients and controls.

Main Results:

In diastole, MAC annulus was larger, flatter, with reduced height and saddle shape.
Systolic annular area was greater in MAC patients due to reduced anteroposterior contraction.
Loss of early systolic folding and altered mitral valve tenting were observed in MAC patients.

Conclusions:

Quantitative 3D echocardiography reveals dynamic consequences of MAC.
MAC leads to loss of annular contraction and early systolic folding.
Associated valvular alterations include reduced systolic tenting declines.