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Advanced modulation formats for high-performance short-reach optical interconnects.

Qian Hu, Di Che, Yifei Wang

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    Summary
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    Advanced direct detection modulation formats boost data rates for short-reach optical interconnects. Stokes vector direct detection (SV-DD) offers superior electrical spectral efficiency, enabling longer transmission distances despite impairments like polarization mode dispersion.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical communications engineering
    • Data center networking
    • Signal processing for optical systems

    Background:

    • Explosive growth in data center traffic necessitates high-performance optical interconnects exceeding 100 Gbps per wavelength over hundreds of kilometers.
    • Direct detection (DD) is a cost-efficient solution for short-reach optical interconnects, driving research into advanced modulation formats to enhance performance.
    • Existing direct modulation-based direct detection (DM/DD) faces limitations in spectral efficiency and transmission reach.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and highlight advanced direct detection (DD) modulation formats for high-performance short-reach optical interconnects.
    • To identify Stokes vector direct detection (SV-DD) as a leading candidate for future short-reach networks due to its high electrical spectral efficiency.
    • To present novel algorithms for improving SV-DD system performance under polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL).

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current advanced modulation formats for high-performance short-reach optical interconnects.
    • Focus on Stokes vector direct detection (SV-DD) for its superior electrical spectral efficiency.
    • Development and exposition of novel algorithms to mitigate PMD and PDL in SV-DD systems.

    Main Results:

    • Stokes vector direct detection (SV-DD) demonstrates the highest electrical spectral efficiency among advanced DD modulation formats.
    • SV-DD shows promise for extending transmission reach beyond conventional DM/DD systems.
    • Novel algorithms effectively address severe impairments like PMD and PDL in SV-DD systems, enhancing performance and reliability.

    Conclusions:

    • Advanced DD modulation formats, particularly SV-DD, are crucial for meeting the demands of high-performance short-reach optical interconnects.
    • SV-DD's high electrical spectral efficiency makes it a strong candidate for future data center networks.
    • The developed algorithms provide effective solutions for overcoming signal degradation challenges in SV-DD systems.