Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

391
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
391
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

896
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
896
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

505
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
505
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

851
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
851
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

966
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
966
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

2.8K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electroencephalography during acute painful procedures in neonates: a scoping review.

Pain reports·2026
Same author

Is noxious stimulus-evoked electroencephalography response a reliable, valid, and interpretable outcome measure to assess analgesic efficacy in neonates? A systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis protocol.

Systematic reviews·2025
Same author

Editorial: Research challenges of drug utilization, data collection, data validation, and adverse drug reactions in neonates.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2024
Same author

CDC Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax, 2023.

MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports·2023
Same author

Solvent Effects on the Chemo- and Site-Selectivity of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: Alternatives to Chlorinated Solvents.

ChemSusChem·2023
Same author

Mapping the Evidence for Opioid-Mediated Changes in Malignancy and Chemotherapeutic Efficacy: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

JMIR research protocols·2023
Same journal

Barriers, Breakthroughs, and the Future of Pediatric Dermatologic Care.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Advancing Pediatric Dermatology: Innovations in Care and Access.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

No Child Left Behind: Advancing Access in Pediatric Dermatology, a 4-Year, Single-Center Experience.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Telemedicine and Access to Pediatric Dermatology Care.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Inequitable Reimbursement for Pediatric Providers: A Review of Structural Factors that Disincentivize the Care of Children.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Medical Photography's Power to Change Medical Care.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

853

Neonatal medications.

Robert M Ward1, Justin Stiers1, Karen Buchi2

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|April 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a growing concern due to opioid use. Standardizing NAS assessment and management, alongside pain relief for circumcision and understanding pharmacogenomics in neonates, can improve care.

Keywords:
AnalgesiaCircumcisionNeonatal abstinence syndromeOpioidsPharmacogenomicsSingle nucleotide polymorphism

More Related Videos

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
04:21

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

Published on: August 4, 2021

7.4K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

88.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

853
A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
04:21

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

Published on: August 4, 2021

7.4K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

88.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Pediatric pain management

Background:

  • Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is increasing due to maternal opioid use.
  • Standardized NAS protocols can reduce hospital stays and practice variability.
  • Neonatal circumcision is a common painful procedure requiring analgesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a standardized approach for NAS assessment and management.
  • To review the rationale and methods for neonatal circumcision analgesia.
  • To explore pharmacogenomic applications and challenges in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on NAS management strategies.
  • Review of neonatal circumcision analgesia techniques.
  • Discussion of pharmacogenomic principles and pediatric applications.

Main Results:

  • A standardized NAS approach can optimize care and reduce length of stay.
  • Effective analgesia methods for neonatal circumcision are available.
  • Pharmacogenomics offers potential for personalized neonatal drug therapy, despite developmental challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized NAS care, appropriate neonatal pain management, and pharmacogenomic insights are crucial for improving infant outcomes.
  • Further research into developmental pharmacogenomics is needed for safe and effective neonatal drug therapy.