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There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Leveraging master-slave OpenFlow controller arrangement to improve control plane resiliency in SD-EONs.

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    This study enhances software-defined elastic optical networks (SD-EONs) by implementing a master-slave OpenFlow (OF) controller system. This collaborative design ensures network control and management resilience against controller failures, preventing service disruptions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Science
    • Telecommunications Engineering
    • Network Architecture

    Background:

    • Software-Defined Elastic Optical Networks (SD-EONs) require robust control plane mechanisms.
    • Controller failures can lead to significant service disruptions in SD-EONs.
    • Existing solutions may not adequately address control plane resiliency in these dynamic networks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To improve the control plane resiliency of SD-EONs.
    • To design and implement a master-slave OpenFlow controller arrangement for enhanced fault tolerance.
    • To ensure continuous network control and management (NC&M) during controller failures.

    Main Methods:

    • A master-slave OpenFlow controller (OF-C) arrangement was designed.
    • A Controller Communication Protocol (CCP) was developed for OF-C synchronization and failure detection.
    • The proposed framework was implemented in an SD-EON control plane testbed.
    • Experiments were conducted to evaluate NC&M performance under various failure scenarios.

    Main Results:

    • The master OF-C synchronizes network status with the slave OF-C in real-time.
    • The slave OF-C can rapidly detect master OF-C failures and assume control.
    • The system successfully restored services in both data and control planes jointly.
    • The proposed system demonstrated good scalability and effectiveness in preventing service disruption.

    Conclusions:

    • The master-slave OF controller arrangement significantly enhances SD-EON control plane resiliency.
    • The developed CCP facilitates seamless failover and maintains network stability.
    • This work presents the first demonstration of realized control plane resiliency in SD-EONs.