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Published on: September 5, 2017
Epidemiology and clinical management of tuberculosis in children in Canada
Shaun K Morris1, Anne-Marie Demers2, Ray Lam3
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto, Ontario; ; Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario; ; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario;
Insights
Pediatric tuberculosis, though often seen as foreign, is a clinical reality for Canadian practitioners. This review covers childhood tuberculosis epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, highlighting key differences from adult cases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) in children presents unique challenges and epidemiological patterns compared to adults.
- Canadian child health practitioners frequently encounter latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis disease.
- Understanding TB in children is crucial despite its 'foreign disease' perception.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in Canada and globally.
- To outline the pathogenesis of tuberculosis infection in pediatric populations.
- To discuss diagnostic approaches and clinical management strategies for latent and active childhood TB.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on pediatric tuberculosis epidemiology.
- Synthesis of information on TB pathogenesis in children.
- Analysis of diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines for childhood TB.
Main Results:
- Tuberculosis epidemiology in children is evolving globally and in Canada.
- Distinct differences exist in TB presentation and progression between children and adults.
- Comprehensive diagnostic and management strategies are essential for pediatric TB.
Conclusions:
- Childhood tuberculosis requires specific consideration in clinical practice.
- Awareness of changing epidemiology and unique pathogenesis is vital.
- Effective management hinges on accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches for children.
Abstract:
Although often regarded as a foreign disease, latent tuberculosis or tuberculosis disease will be encountered in many clinical situations by the Canadian child health practitioner. There are key differences between tuberculosis in children and adults. In the present article, the changing epidemiology of tuberculosis in children in Canada and around the world, the pathogenesis of infection, diagnostic tests, and clinical management of childhood latent tuberculosis and tuberculosis disease are reviewed.
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