The influence of herbal medicine on platelet function and coagulation: a narrative review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Pharmacology
• Integrative Medicine

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of mortality.
• Platelet activation and aggregation are critical in hemostasis and thrombosis.
• Herbal medicines are traditionally used for CVD management and may influence platelet and coagulation parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the effects of various herbal medicines on platelet function and coagulation.
• To identify potential interactions between herbal supplements and anticoagulant therapies.
• To highlight the importance of considering herbal medicine use in interpreting laboratory test results.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating herbal medicine effects on platelet aggregation and coagulation.
• Identification of specific herbs with demonstrated effects on platelet function (e.g., feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginseng).
• Analysis of reported interactions between herbal medicines and common anticoagulants like warfarin, clopidogrel, and aspirin.

Main Results:

• Several herbs, including feverfew, garlic, ginger, and ginseng, were shown to reduce platelet aggregation in vitro.
• Herbal medicines such as cranberry, danshen, Ginkgo, and St. John's Wort may interact with warfarin.
• Specific interactions were noted, including St. John's Wort with clopidogrel and danshen with aspirin.

Conclusions:

• Herbal medicines can significantly impact platelet function and coagulation parameters.
• Healthcare providers must be aware of potential herbal-drug interactions, particularly in patients on anticoagulants.
• Repeat laboratory testing may be necessary after discontinuing specific herbal supplements to obtain accurate results.