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Age-related microstructural differences quantified using myelin water imaging and advanced diffusion MRI.

Thibo Billiet1, Mathieu Vandenbulcke2, Burkhard Mädler3

  • 1Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium.

Neurobiology of Aging
|April 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Aging white matter shows microstructural changes detectable by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). New MRI techniques suggest age-related frontal white matter changes stem from increased axonal dispersion, not demyelination.

Keywords:
AgingDiffusion MRIHealthyKurtosisMyelin water imagingRelaxometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) detects age-related brain changes but lacks specificity for underlying mechanisms like demyelination.
  • Multiexponential T2 relaxation (MET2) and multishell diffusion MRI (dMRI) offer complementary insights into white matter microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-associated microstructural alterations in white matter using advanced dMRI models and MET2.
  • To differentiate between axonal dispersion and demyelination as causes of age-related changes in white matter.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired multishell dMRI and MET2 data from 59 healthy participants (aged 17-70).
  • Analyzed whole-brain and regional correlations between age and metrics from DTI, DKI, NODDI, and MET2.
  • Assessed myelin-sensitive MET2 metrics alongside diffusion parameters.

Main Results:

  • DTI and NODDI showed increased isotropic diffusivity with age.
  • Frontal white matter fractional anisotropy decreased linearly with age, accompanied by increased neurite dispersion and unchanged myelin water fraction.
  • Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) measures and neurite density correlated with myelin water fraction and water compartmentalization.

Conclusions:

  • DTI remains sensitive to age-related white matter alterations.
  • Findings suggest age-related decreases in frontal fractional anisotropy are primarily due to increased axonal dispersion, not demyelination.
  • Combined dMRI and MET2 techniques provide a more specific understanding of aging brain microstructure.