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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

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Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional vision in laparoscopy: a systematic review.

Stine Maya Dreier Sørensen1, Mona Meral Savran2, Lars Konge2

  • 1Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark. Stine.d.soerensen@gmail.com.

Surgical Endoscopy
|April 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy improves surgical speed and reduces errors compared to standard two-dimensional (2D) imaging. Further research is needed to evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes in real-world surgical settings.

Keywords:
Laparoscopic trainingLaparoscopySurgical skillsThree-dimensional imagingThree-dimensional laparoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Technology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Laparoscopic surgery offers faster recovery but presents challenges due to 2D visualization of 3D space, leading to depth perception loss.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has been developed for laparoscopy to address the limitations of standard two-dimensional (2D) visualization.
  • This systematic review assesses the efficacy of 3D laparoscopy compared to 2D laparoscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review randomized controlled trials comparing 3D and 2D laparoscopy.
  • To evaluate the impact of 3D imaging on surgical performance metrics such as time and error rates.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 3D and 2D laparoscopy, with no restrictions on language or publication year.
  • Data extracted included study characteristics, outcomes (time, errors), and conclusions, with two independent reviewers performing the extraction.

Main Results:

  • 31 RCTs were included, with 28 conducted in simulated settings and 3 in clinical settings.
  • Seventy-one percent of trials (22/31) demonstrated a reduction in performance time with 3D laparoscopy.
  • Sixty-three percent of trials (12/19) showed a significant reduction in errors using 3D compared to 2D laparoscopy.

Conclusions:

  • 3D laparoscopy shows potential for enhancing surgical speed and decreasing performance errors in laparoscopic procedures.
  • The majority of current evidence comes from simulated environments, highlighting a need for more clinical studies.
  • Further investigation is required to determine the impact of 3D laparoscopy on actual patient clinical outcomes.