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Related Experiment Video

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Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome.

Rocio I Diaz1, Eric J Sigler2, Mohammad R Rafieetary3

  • 1Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Charles Retina Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) causes vision loss via choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Treatments for OHS-related CNV have advanced, improving outcomes for patients in endemic regions.

Keywords:
Histoplasma capsulatumanti-VEGFbevacizumabhistoplasmosisocular histoplasmosis syndromephotocoagulationphotodynamic therapypresumed ocular histoplasmosis syndromeranibizumabsubmacular surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Retinal Disorders

Background:

  • Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) is a chorioretinal disease prevalent in areas endemic for Histoplasma capsulatum.
  • Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to OHS is a major cause of vision loss in young adults in these regions.
  • While etiology is debated, Histoplasma capsulatum is the likely cause of OHS-induced CNV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic approaches for OHS.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for CNV associated with OHS.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostic imaging for OHS and CNV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OHS and associated CNV.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data from endemic regions.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  • Summary of treatment outcomes for various CNV types.

Main Results:

  • OHS is characterized by a specific fundus appearance and is linked to CNV causing vision loss.
  • CNVs, once considered untreatable, are now manageable with various therapeutic options.
  • Advanced imaging like SD-OCT enhances disease monitoring and assessment of treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • OHS-related CNV is a significant cause of vision impairment in endemic areas.
  • Effective treatments exist for OHS-related CNV, including laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy.
  • Modern diagnostic tools have improved the management of this condition.