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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking
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The effect of walking while typing on neck/shoulder patterns.

Larissa M Fedorowich1, Kim Emery, Julie N Côté

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H2W 1S4, Canada, larissa.fedorowich@mail.mcgill.ca.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Walking while typing may promote healthier muscle activity and reduce upper limb discomfort compared to sitting. This study quantified posture effects on neck and shoulder muscle patterns during prolonged computer work.

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics
  • Occupational Health
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Prolonged sitting during computer work is associated with discomfort and suboptimal muscle activity.
  • Understanding the impact of posture modifications, such as walking, is crucial for improving workplace health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of computer work posture (sitting vs. walking) on neck and shoulder muscle patterns during a 90-minute typing task.
  • To assess the influence of posture and time on electromyography (EMG) and upper limb discomfort.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy participants performed a 90-minute typing task under sitting and walking conditions.
  • Electromyography (EMG) of eight upper body muscles and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) of two sites were recorded.
  • Analysis focused on EMG amplitude, variability, normalized mutual information (NMI), LDF, and self-reported discomfort.

Main Results:

  • Upper limb discomfort significantly increased over time while sitting.
  • Walking altered EMG patterns, with decreased lumbar erector spinae and wrist extensor amplitude over time, and reduced anterior deltoid amplitude.
  • Increased external oblique EMG amplitude and lower trapezius EMG variability were observed during walking, alongside higher neck/shoulder NMI towards the end of sitting tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Walking during computer work may induce healthier muscular activation patterns compared to prolonged sitting.
  • These findings suggest that incorporating walking into computer-based tasks could mitigate discomfort and improve musculoskeletal health.