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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

James J Harding1, Ghassan K Abou-Alfa2

  • 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. hardinj1@mskcc.org.

Chinese Clinical Oncology
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis, with sorafenib offering modest benefits. New anti-angiogenic drugs have not surpassed sorafenib, highlighting the need for further molecular research and drug development in HCC.

Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)anti-angiogenic therapydrug developmenthepatocarcinogenesissorafenib

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research
  • Cancer therapeutics
  • Molecular oncology

Background:

  • Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carries a poor prognosis.
  • Sorafenib is the current standard of care, but its benefits are modest and its mechanism of action in HCC remains unclear.
  • Despite extensive research into anti-angiogenic pathways, newer treatments have not proven superior to sorafenib in phase III trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
  • To highlight the limitations of existing therapies, including sorafenib.
  • To emphasize the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies and molecular understanding in HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Analysis of sorafenib's efficacy and mechanism of action.
  • Evaluation of recent anti-angiogenic therapies in HCC.

Main Results:

  • Sorafenib remains the sole standard of care for advanced HCC, offering limited clinical benefit.
  • Three major phase III trials failed to establish the superiority or non-inferiority of newer anti-angiogenic agents compared to sorafenib.
  • The precise antitumor mechanisms of sorafenib in HCC are yet to be fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical unmet need for improved therapeutic options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Continued molecular characterization of HCC is essential for developing more effective treatments.
  • Aggressive drug development targeting novel pathways is imperative for advancing HCC patient care.